Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
09:07
Author Spotlight: Advancing Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty – Techniques, Innovations, and Practical Guidance for Clinical Integration
Published on: January 26, 2024
3.2K
Exophiala infection: A systematic review
Shan Xue1, Jing Wang2, Haoyan Wang3
1Neuro Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Medicine
|November 27, 2025
Summary
This study reviewed Exophiala fungal infections, finding distinct species predilections for infection sites. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement emerged as a critical risk factor for mortality in patients with Exophiala infections.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Limited understanding of rare fungal infections caused by Exophiala species.
- Need for comprehensive data on patient outcomes and risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- Conduct a systematic review of patients with Exophiala infections.
- Identify common species, infection sites, and mortality risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Systematic retrospective analysis of 248 articles involving 298 patients.
- Data retrieved from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
- Statistical analyses included Chi-square test and binary logistic regression.
Main Results:
- 19 Exophiala species identified; E dermatitidis, E jeanselmei, and E spinifera were most prevalent.
- Common infection sites: subcutaneous tissue, lung, skin, with species-specific predilections.
- Central nervous system (CNS) infection was the sole independent mortality risk factor (OR=35.432, P<.001).
Conclusions:
- Exophiala species demonstrate varied site predilections for infection.
- CNS infection is a significant predictor of mortality in Exophiala infections.
- Findings can guide clinical diagnosis and management strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:28Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
01:22Microbiome of the Eye
The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
01:29Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract
The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...