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Speech disfluencies, not gestures, impact judgments of a speaker's knowledge. Listeners rate speakers higher when their speech is fluent, suggesting a focus on verbal cues over nonverbal ones when assessing expertise.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Gestures and speech disfluencies are multimodal communication elements.
  • Disfluencies can signal a speaker's knowledge state to listeners.
  • The combined effect of gestures and disfluencies on listener judgments is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the combination of gestures and speech disfluencies influences listeners' feeling-of-another's-knowing (FOAK) judgments.
  • To determine if gestures or disfluencies, or their interaction, affect perceptions of a speaker's knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted using natural (Study 1) and controlled (Study 2) stimuli.
  • Participants watched videos of speakers and rated their perceived knowledge (FOAK).
  • Speech disfluencies and gestures were manipulated; Study 2 controlled for additional variables and included gesture subtyping.

Main Results:

  • Fluent speech consistently led to higher FOAK ratings compared to disfluent speech in both studies.
  • No significant effect of gestures, or the interaction between gestures and disfluencies, was found on FOAK judgments.
  • Results were consistent across natural and controlled experimental settings.

Conclusions:

  • Listeners rely more heavily on speech fluency than on gestures when assessing a speaker's knowledge.
  • Communicative cue salience may differ, with verbal fluency being a primary indicator of perceived expertise.
  • Future research could explore other nonverbal cues and their impact on knowledge judgments.