Temporal transcriptomics uncover dynamic interactions between pathogenic Escherichia coli and phage vB_Eco_K1B4.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Virology
• Animal Husbandry

Background:

• Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and human health.
• Conventional antibiotic treatments for bacterial infections in livestock contribute to the rise of antimicrobial resistance.
• Bacteriophage therapy presents a viable alternative for combating bacterial pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize the K1 capsular bacteriophage vB_Eco_K1B4.
• To investigate the transcriptomic changes in Escherichia coli during infection by bacteriophage vB_Eco_K1B4.
• To elucidate the phage-host interaction mechanisms at the transcriptomic level.

Main Methods:

• Isolation and characterization of bacteriophage vB_Eco_K1B4.
• Assessment of bacteriophage stability under various environmental conditions (temperature, pH).
• RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to profile phage-induced host gene expression.
• Bioinformatic analyses including differential gene expression, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment.

Main Results:

• Bacteriophage vB_Eco_K1B4 demonstrated remarkable stability at high temperatures (70°C) and tolerance to extreme pH.
• RNA-seq analysis revealed that vB_Eco_K1B4 precisely regulates host transcription.
• The bacteriophage inhibits genes involved in host structural component formation while upregulating energy metabolism genes.
• vB_Eco_K1B4 was shown to interfere with the host's defense mechanisms against phage infection.

Conclusions:

• Bacteriophage vB_Eco_K1B4 is a robust candidate for controlling pathogenic Escherichia coli due to its environmental stability.
• The bacteriophage employs sophisticated strategies to manipulate host cellular resources for its replication.
• Understanding the transcriptomic dynamics of phage-host interactions provides crucial insights for developing effective phage-based therapies.