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Related Concept Videos

Elements Crucial for Effective Psychotherapy01:25

Elements Crucial for Effective Psychotherapy

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Research has highlighted several critical factors that influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy, such as the therapeutic alliance, the therapist, and the client.
The Therapeutic Alliance
The therapeutic alliance refers to the relationship between the therapist and the client. The alliance strengthens when the therapist and the client engage in a nurturing, supportive, trusting, empathetic, and respectful relationship, improving therapeutic outcomes. Therapists must monitor this relationship...
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Interpersonal Psychotherapy01:25

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

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Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a structured, time-limited therapeutic approach initially developed to treat depression. It integrates key concepts from psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive-behavioral therapies, making it a uniquely eclectic framework. The therapy is rooted in the interpersonal theories of Adolph Meyer and Harry Stack Sullivan, as well as John Bowlby's attachment theory, and focuses on the interplay between interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being.
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Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Psychotherapy01:28

Psychotherapy

458
Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
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Relation Between Executive Function Test Performance and Treatment Outcomes During Brief Psychotherapies for

Matthew S Schurr1, Yiqun T Chen1, Patrick J Raue1

  • 1Department of Psychology (MSS, BNR), University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; Department of Psychiatry (MSS), McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Data Science Institute and Department of Biomedical Data Science (YTC), Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (PJR, PAA), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and the Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry (GSA), Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Open Science, Education, and Practice
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Executive function did not predict depression symptom improvement in older adults. However, brief psychotherapies improved cognitive tests related to decision-making and executive function.

Keywords:
Cognitive functionolder adultspsychotherapytreatment response

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Psychiatry
  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Executive dysfunction is a common challenge in later-life depression (LLD).
  • Understanding the relationship between executive function and treatment outcomes is crucial for LLD.
  • Brief psychotherapies are increasingly used for depression in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if executive function predicts depressive symptom changes during brief psychotherapy.
  • To assess if cognitive test performance improves during psychotherapy for LLD.

Main Methods:

  • Post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial comparing problem-solving therapy (PST) and Engage.
  • 150 older adults (aged 60-89) with major depressive disorder participated.
  • Cognitive tests (IGT, WCST, Stroop, Digit Span, HVLT-R) and depression scales (HAM-D, WHODAS) were administered pre- and post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • Baseline executive functioning did not predict improvement in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores.
  • Better performance on the Stroop test correlated with improved World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) scores.
  • Significant improvements were observed in Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Stroop test performance after 9 weeks of therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function at baseline does not appear to influence depressive symptom reduction in LLD.
  • Brief psychotherapies may enhance specific aspects of executive function, such as reward-based decision-making.
  • These findings suggest that cognitive improvements can occur alongside symptom relief in LLD treatment.