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The healthcare system is constantly changing and complex. Various services are available from different healthcare providers, but gaining access to these services has become challenging for people with limited healthcare insurance. Uninsured people present a challenge to healthcare because they frequently postpone or forego treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles
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Frailty of Health Care Systems.

Philip D St John1, David B Hogan2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Max College of Medicine and the Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.

Canadian Geriatrics Journal : CGJ
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Frailty impacts both individuals and healthcare systems (HCS). Researchers adapted the Frailty Phenotype to assess HCS vulnerability, highlighting the "double jeopardy" for frail older adults in frail HCS.

Keywords:
frailtyhealth policyhealth-care systemsresilience

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Health Services Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Frailty, a state of vulnerability to stressors, is a key concept in Geriatric Medicine.
  • Similarities exist between individual frailty and the vulnerability of health care systems (HCS).
  • The concept of frailty is expanding beyond its traditional scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To draw parallels between frail individuals and frail health care systems.
  • To adapt the "Frailty Phenotype" for assessing HCS vulnerability.
  • To highlight the compounded risks for frail older adults within vulnerable HCS.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual adaptation of the "Frailty Phenotype" measure.
  • Application of the adapted measure to evaluate health care systems.
  • Analysis of the interaction between individual frailty and HCS frailty.

Main Results:

  • A framework was developed to measure HCS frailty, mirroring individual frailty assessment.
  • The study identified vulnerabilities in HCS analogous to individual frailty.
  • The concept of "double jeopardy" was described for frail older adults in frail HCS.

Conclusions:

  • Health care systems can exhibit frailty, making them vulnerable to stresses.
  • Adapting the "Frailty Phenotype" provides a tool to measure HCS vulnerability.
  • Policy makers must prioritize maintaining robust health care systems to protect vulnerable populations.