Nanopore-Based Label-Free and Single-Molecule Sequencing toward Precision Diagnosis

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Molecular Biology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Nanopore-based single-molecule sequencing (SMS) provides high-resolution analysis of biomolecules.
• Real-time current fluctuations enable long-read, high-throughput, and accurate detection for precision diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of nanopore principles and fabrication methods.
• To highlight advancements in nanopore DNA and protein sequencing.
• To analyze clinical applications and future perspectives of nanopore SMS.

Main Methods:

• Review of nanopore sequencing principles and fabrication techniques.
• Analysis of innovative molecule capture and translocation strategies.
• Discussion of strategies for enhancing nanopore performance.

Main Results:

• Recent advancements in nanopore-based DNA and protein sequencing.
• Successful applications in diagnosing genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers.
• Identification of limitations and strategies for performance enhancement.

Conclusions:

• Nanopore SMS holds significant clinical potential for precision diagnosis.
• Future developments will integrate microfluidics, surface functionalization, and machine learning.
• Continued research is essential for advancing nanopore technology.