Recent Advances in Fabrication Strategies and Functional Regulation of Fiber-Based Thermoelectric Materials

As a green and sustainable energy technology, thermoelectric materials can directly convert thermal energy into electricity. Particularly, thermoelectric fibers with one-dimensional structure have gained significant attention due to their excellent flexibility and weavability, making them highly promising for wearable and self-powered electronics. This review provides a systematic overview of recent progress in thermoelectric fibers, focusing on the advantages of various fabrication strategies and their compatibility with different material systems. We comprehensively evaluate both the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of these fibers and further examine their potential in flexible and wearable electronics. Finally, we outline the key challenges and future opportunities for advancing high-performance thermoelectric fibers. This review aims to offer valuable guidance for the design of next-generation flexible thermoelectric fibers for smart and wearable electronics.