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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Functional connectivity changes are associated with disability progression in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal fMRI

Claudia Piervincenzi¹, Abhineet Ojha², Silvia Tommasin^2,3

¹Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. claudia.piervincenzi@uniroma1.it.

Journal of Neurology

|November 27, 2025

Summary

Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) increases in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) with low disability suggest compensation. In contrast, FC changes in more disabled PwMS indicate maladaptive responses, highlighting FC as a potential biomarker for multiple sclerosis progression.

Keywords:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Multiple sclerosis (MS)Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI)

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Published on: March 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Biomarkers

Background:

Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) may represent adaptive or maladaptive plasticity.
Longitudinal investigation of FC evolution and its relationship with disability progression is crucial for understanding these changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine 5-year changes in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).
To assess the clinical relevance of these FC changes in relation to disability progression.

Main Methods:

Included 156 PwMS and 156 healthy subjects (HS) with 3T-MRI scans acquired 4-6 years apart.
Assessed clinical and neuropsychological measures including EDSS, 9HPT, T25FWT, PASAT3, and SDMT.
Analyzed resting-state networks (RSNs) using independent component analysis and correlated FC changes with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

Low-disability PwMS showed higher baseline FC in all RSNs compared to HS, correlating with better baseline performance and less follow-up worsening.
Mild- and high-disability groups exhibited mixed FC abnormalities; higher FC in mild-disability group associated with worse baseline scores and greater clinical worsening.
Longitudinally, low-disability PwMS showed FC increases correlating with better outcomes, while other groups showed FC decreases correlating with clinical worsening.

Conclusions:

FC increases in low-disability PwMS likely reflect compensatory mechanisms.
FC alterations in more disabled PwMS probably represent maladaptive responses.
Resting-state FC shows potential as a biomarker for monitoring multiple sclerosis progression and treatment response.