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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Left Atrial Dysfunction in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure.

Cory R Trankle1,2, Ajay Pillai3, Hussein Krayem3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. cory.trankle@vcuhealth.org.

Current Cardiology Reports
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and left atrial (LA) dysfunction frequently coexist, negatively impacting prognosis. Treatments for AF or HF offer benefits, but LA dysfunction impacts remain unclear.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationHeart failureLeft atrial dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and left atrial (LA) dysfunction are common cardiovascular conditions.
  • These conditions often present concurrently, influencing patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on the overlap between AF, HF, and LA dysfunction.
  • To assess the prognostic significance of coexisting conditions.
  • To examine treatment effects of one condition on others.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of cohort data examining prevalence and outcomes.
  • Evaluation of treatment trial data.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of a second condition when one of AF, HF, or LA dysfunction is present.
  • Coexistence of these conditions consistently worsens prognosis.
  • AF and HF treatments show bidirectional benefits; LA dysfunction effects are less understood.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with AF, HF, or LA dysfunction often have multiple conditions, impacting prognosis.
  • Established treatments for AF and HF benefit related conditions.
  • Further research is needed on LA dysfunction and its therapeutic targets.