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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.1K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern01:29

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

434
Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Enteric microbiome and obesity: a multidimensional narrative review.

Bidisha Barat1, Kinanka Ghosh2, Bipin Kulkarni3

  • 1The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.

Microbial Genomics
|November 27, 2025
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Summary

The gut microbiome significantly impacts obesity by influencing nutrient absorption, appetite regulation, and inflammation. Targeting the gut microbiome offers promising therapeutic strategies for this global epidemic.

Keywords:
appetitechronic inflammationenteric microbiomeepigenetic changesepigeneticsfood-seeking behaviourhungerimmunomodulationmodulationmultisystem effectneurotransmittersobesitypathologic conditionsatiety

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Obesity is a global epidemic affecting 20% of adults worldwide.
  • An altered enteric microbiome is a significant finding in obesity.
  • The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host metabolism and physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which an altered enteric microbiome contributes to obesity.
  • To explore the role of the gut microbiome in nutrient absorption, appetite regulation, and endocrine function.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome for obesity management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the gut microbiome and obesity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking gut microbiome alterations to obesity pathogenesis.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapeutic approaches for obesity.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiome influences nutrient absorption, processing of dietary components, and energy harvest.
  • Microbiome alterations affect intestinal physiology, endocrine functions, and immune responses.
  • The gut microbiome communicates with the central nervous system, impacting appetite and satiety.
  • Mechanisms include immunomodulation, chronic inflammation, epigenetic regulation, and vitamin production.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is a key factor in obesity development and progression.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome presents promising therapeutic avenues for obesity.
  • Strategies include engineering beneficial bacteria, probiotics, and specialized diets.