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Core-shell La₂O₃ nanoparticles functionalized with BSA: Synthesis, characterization, and selective cytotoxicity
Jefferson Tchalla Andrade da Silva1, Livia Alves Filgueiras2, Dakson Douglas Araújo3
1Laboratory of Science in Innovation and Technology - LACITEC, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ). Center of Natural Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) nanoparticles exhibit promising pharmacological properties; however, their biomedical application is limited by inherent cytotoxicity and instability. In this study, we developed a core-shell nanoparticulate system (La₂O₃@BSA) by functionalizing La₂O₃ nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using phosphate buffer and glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Physicochemical characterization by FTIR, DLS, XRD, zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed successful BSA adsorption, resulting in improved colloidal stability, reduced crystallite size, and increased crystallinity. Protein quantification demonstrated enhanced adsorption at alkaline pH due to reduced phosphate interference. Hemolysis assays revealed a significant decrease in red blood cell lysis for La₂O₃@BSA compared to uncoated La₂O₃, indicating superior hemocompatibility. Notably, cytotoxicity assays showed that La₂O₃@BSA maintained low toxicity in tumor cells (HCT-116 and HSC-3) while exhibiting selective cytotoxicity toward fibroblasts (L929), with an IC₅₀ of approximately 67 μg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of La₂O₃@BSA nanoparticles for antifibrotic applications and in medical devices requiring fibroblast modulation and blood compatibility.
