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T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis
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Noncovalent Coassembly Strategy for Electron Redistribution-Driven Hemoglobin Stabilization.

Chengcheng Zhao1, Chenxu Zhang1, Shuo Guo1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel noncovalent method for rapidly stabilizing hemoglobin (Hb) using Fmoc-FF gelators. This approach preserves Hb function and offers enhanced stability for oxygen delivery platforms.

Keywords:
Hb stabilizationcoassemblyelectron redistributionnoncovalent interactionsolvent trigger

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Conventional hemoglobin (Hb) modification for oxygen delivery faces challenges with functionality loss and stability-degradability conflicts.
  • Covalent strategies often compromise native Hb properties and are inefficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a noncovalent strategy for ultrafast Hb integration, preserving its structure and function.
  • To overcome the efficiency limitations of traditional covalent Hb modification methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) derived low-molecular-weight gelator for solvent-triggered gelation.
  • Employed experimental analyses and density functional theory (DFT) simulations to investigate Hb-gelator interactions.
  • Assessed the stability and biocompatibility of the resulting Hb-gelator complex.

Main Results:

  • Achieved Hb loading within 1 minute, a significant improvement over chemical strategies.
  • Demonstrated Hb stabilization through noncovalent interactions (H-bonds and π-π stacking) leading to electron redistribution.
  • Validated the Fmoc-FF/Hb complex for structural integrity, rheological robustness, hydrolytic stability, biocompatibility, and injectability.

Conclusions:

  • The noncovalent Fmoc-FF/Hb complex offers a promising strategy for Hb stabilization, enhancing its suitability for oxygen delivery platforms.
  • The study provides theoretical insights into Hb stabilization mechanisms via electron redistribution.
  • This bioinspired approach enables minute-level engineering for advanced biomaterial development.