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Related Concept Videos

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis01:11

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis

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Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
The velocity of a mass element comprises its translational velocity and the relative velocity instigated by the body's rotation. Substituting the velocity equation into...
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Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

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Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
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Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
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Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
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Angular Momentum: Rigid Body01:11

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The total angular momentum of a rigid body can be calculated using the summation of the angular momentum of all the tiny particles rotating in the same plane. Considering all the tiny particles rotating in the x-y plane, the direction of angular momentum of all such particles and that of the rigid body would be perpendicular to the plane of the rotation along the z-axis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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Discontinuous orbital angular momentum metasurface holography.

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Researchers developed a new discontinuous orbital angular momentum (OAM) holography method for secure, high-capacity optical communication. This technique uses a single light input and breaks rotational symmetry for enhanced security and data storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Information Security
  • Metasurface Technology

Background:

  • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing holography is key for high-capacity optical systems.
  • Conventional OAM modes face security limitations due to rotational symmetry, requiring multiple inputs for decoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel OAM multiplexing holography paradigm for multi-channel holographic encoding with a single incident light.
  • To enhance the security and channel capacity of optical information encryption and communication systems.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging discontinuous OAM with spatially varying topological charge (TC) to break rotational symmetry and enable angular selectivity.
  • Developing a modified weighted Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for holographic phase profile calculation.
  • Encoding the holographic profile onto a pure geometry-phase metasurface.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated discontinuous OAM's self-orthogonality at different rotation angles, enabling multiplexed holography.
  • Successfully expanded channel capacity for holographic multiplexing by integrating discontinuous OAM pairs.
  • Achieved significant advancements in high-security and high-capacity optical information encryption.

Conclusions:

  • Discontinuous OAM provides a versatile platform for secure optical communications, high-density data storage, and dynamic holographic displays.
  • This approach bridges structured light manipulation with cryptographic robustness.
  • The methodology overcomes limitations of conventional OAM modes, paving the way for next-generation optical technologies.