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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Non-destructive detection of coating delamination using reflected time-domain terahertz waveforms.

Daniel Tobar1, Sri Kambhampati2, Anthony J Fitzgerald3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. 22990707@student.uwa.edu.au.

Scientific Reports
|November 27, 2025
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Summary

Terahertz pulsed imaging can detect sub-resolution air gaps in anti-corrosion coatings by measuring apparent thickness changes. This non-destructive method enables early delamination detection, preventing structural integrity loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Non-destructive Testing
  • Coatings Technology

Background:

  • Adhesive failure in anti-corrosion coatings causes delamination, leading to structural compromise.
  • Corrosive agents ingress through thin gaps created by delamination.
  • Early detection of delamination is crucial for maintaining structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) for detecting sub-resolution air gaps in anti-corrosion coatings.
  • To assess TPI's capability to identify delamination by measuring apparent thickness changes.
  • To demonstrate TPI as a non-destructive method for early delamination detection.

Main Methods:

  • Terahertz pulsed imaging measurements were performed on a quartz window over an air gap and multi-layered paint systems.
  • Apparent thickness changes in overlaying layers were measured to infer the presence of sub-resolution gaps.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to estimate delamination thickness in paint systems.

Main Results:

  • An increased apparent thickness of the quartz window was observed over a 19 µm air gap, consistent with theoretical predictions.
  • TPI detected a 9.9-13.1 µm increase in apparent base coating thickness in aged paint systems with delamination.
  • Delamination layer thickness was estimated to be 10 µm using SEM.

Conclusions:

  • Terahertz pulsed imaging can detect air gaps below its minimum resolvable thickness by analyzing apparent thickness variations.
  • This technique provides a non-destructive means for early-stage delamination detection in protective coatings.
  • TPI enhances the assessment of coating integrity and structural health monitoring.