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Task evoked EEG reveals neural processing differences in aphantasia.

Katherine Boere1, Raquel Krempel2, Em Walsh3

  • 1The Theoretical and Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, The University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada. katherineboere@uvic.ca.

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|November 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with aphantasia, the inability to visualize, show distinct brain activity patterns. Their neural dynamics support cognition without visual imagery, suggesting alternative processing strategies.

Keywords:
Cognitive neuroscienceDelta oscillationsP300Visual imageryWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Aphantasia affects 3-4% of the population, impacting visual imagery generation.
  • Previous fMRI studies suggest altered brain coordination in aphantasia.
  • Temporal neural differences in aphantasia lack group-level electroencephalographic (EEG) data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate group-level EEG differences in individuals with aphantasia compared to controls.
  • To explore neural dynamics during rest, attention, and working memory tasks.
  • To understand how the brain supports cognition without visual imagery.

Main Methods:

  • Group-level EEG recordings from 62 individuals with aphantasia and 59 controls.
  • Tasks included resting state, an oddball task (attention), and an n-back task (working memory).
  • Analysis focused on event-related potentials (e.g., P300) and spectral power (e.g., delta power).

Main Results:

  • Aphantasia group showed smaller P300 amplitudes in the oddball task, indicating altered attentional allocation.
  • Individuals with aphantasia exhibited lower delta power under high working memory load.
  • Delta power correlated with imagery vividness, suggesting its role in sensory regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Aphantasia is associated with distinct neural dynamics, not diminished cognitive function.
  • Individuals with aphantasia may utilize non-visual strategies for information maintenance.
  • This study provides the first group-level EEG evidence of effective alternative neural strategies in aphantasia.