Perceptions of AI-based tools among polish medical university students

In the face of rapid technological progress and the growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life, it is increasingly important to examine how these tools can support or transform the way future healthcare professionals acquire knowledge and develop skills, both theoretically and practically.

A cross-sectional survey using a subjective online survey using self-developed questionnaire in Polish and English was conducted between November 2024 and March 2025 among students of 14 Polish medical universities. The online questionnaire collected 778 valid responses and addressed experiences with AI tools, perceived benefits and challenges, quality and reliability of AI-generated content, and potential applications of AI in higher education.

Most students reported experience with AI-powered tools, typically discovered independently through social media or peer communication rather than institutional promotion. Chatbots, especially ChatGPT, were the most commonly used form, applied for translation, data analysis, and literature search, contributing to the perceived time savings. While some respondents explored additional features, most relied on the free version. Although many verified AI-generated outputs against other sources, nearly all reported encountering incorrect information. Students identified accessibility and speed as the main advantages, whereas concerns focused mainly on data security, misuse, and uncontrolled technological development. Subscription preferences showed willingness to invest in accuracy and integration, though data protection was expected as a basic feature.

Findings confirm that consciously and responsibly implemented AI-based systems can provide meaningful support in teaching and learning. Digital education and AI literacy play a key role, enabling students to take full advantage of new technologies while maintaining a critical perspective on their limitations and consequences.