Implementing emerging 3D printing technologies into pharmaceutical sciences education: Pedagogical strategies and...

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• 3D Printing Technology
• Educational Strategies

Background:

• Semi-solid extrusion 3D Printing (SSE-3DP) is a key technology for pharmaceutical compounding.
• Integrating SSE-3DP into pharmacy curricula requires specific pedagogical approaches.
• Educators must foster understanding of formulation-process-performance relationships and technological literacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design, implement, and evaluate a pedagogical strategy for SSE-3DP integration in pharmaceutical sciences.
• To utilize active learning methodologies, including a flipped classroom and laboratory activities.
• To simplify complex process optimization using mathematical equations.

Main Methods:

• A flipped classroom model provided pre-class materials on SSE-3DP.
• Problem-based laboratory sessions involved formulation, process optimization, and dosage form design.
• Multiple Linear Regression models were used to teach optimization strategies for extrudability and deposition.

Main Results:

• The pedagogical strategy positively impacted student learning outcomes.
• Mathematical models facilitated virtual exploration of formulation-process-performance relationships.
• Students reported high engagement, appreciation, and recognized the professional relevance of SSE-3DP.

Conclusions:

• A structured pedagogical approach integrating SSE-3DP can be successfully implemented in pharmacy curricula.
• Flipped classrooms, problem-based labs, and model-guided reasoning promote technology-oriented learning.
• This approach enhances students' experience with advanced manufacturing technologies in pharmacy.