Natural deep eutectic solvents: composition, preparation, and applications in food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical...

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

• Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are gaining traction as eco-friendly replacements for conventional organic solvents.
• Their biocompatibility and non-toxicity are key advantages for sustainable applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the composition, structural diversity, and preparation methods of NADES.
• To explore the broad spectrum of NADES applications, including extraction, analysis, and biomedical uses.
• To identify limitations and future research directions for NADES.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on NADES properties, preparation techniques, and applications.
• Analysis of factors influencing NADES stability and functionality.
• Examination of current and potential uses in various scientific fields.

Main Results:

• NADES exhibit significant compositional and structural diversity.
• Established methods for NADES preparation and factors affecting their stability are discussed.
• Diverse applications are highlighted, including bioactive compound extraction, food analysis, biocatalysis, cryoprotection, drug delivery, and wound treatment.

Conclusions:

• NADES present a promising green alternative with wide-ranging applications.
• Challenges such as high viscosity and product recovery need standardized methodologies for resolution.
• Further research is required to understand NADES at a molecular level and optimize commercial processes.