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Dual-Function Zinc Modulation Stabilizes Ru Clusters on Spinel Oxide for Efficient and Durable Acid Water Oxidation.

Guanzhen Chen1, Ziang Shang1, Jie Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 28, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a novel ruthenium cluster catalyst on zinc-doped cobalt oxide for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. The catalyst demonstrates exceptional activity and stability in acidic oxygen evolution reactions, paving the way for efficient hydrogen production.

Keywords:
Electronic optimizationLow Ru loadingOxygen evolution reactionPEM water electrolysisStructural stabilization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing low-cost, high-performance ruthenium (Ru)-based anodes is critical for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE).
  • Achieving both high activity and long-term stability in acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel Ru cluster catalyst (Ruclusters/ZnCo2O4) for enhanced PEMWE performance.
  • To investigate the role of zinc (Zn) doping in stabilizing the catalyst structure and improving electronic properties for OER.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Ru clusters loaded on Zn-doped cobalt oxide spinel (ZnCo2O4).
  • Electrochemical characterization including OER activity and durability testing in acidic media.
  • Theoretical calculations and experimental validation to understand structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

  • The Ruclusters/ZnCo2O4 catalyst exhibited a low overpotential of 200 mV for OER.
  • The catalyst demonstrated remarkable stability, operating for over 725 hours at 10 mA cm-2 with a low decay rate.
  • A PEMWE device using this anode operated stably for over 275 hours at 200 mA cm-2.

Conclusions:

  • Zinc doping transforms the support into a stable substrate, optimizing the electronic environment of Ru active sites for enhanced OER.
  • The developed catalyst achieves a balance between high activity and durability, offering a new strategy for acidic OER catalyst development.
  • This approach provides a paradigm for using inert metals to regulate support structures, leading to breakthroughs in catalyst activity and stability.