Where, When, and How? Integrating Spatiotemporal Cues in Cell Division

To an external observer, the goal of cell division is evident from the very shape of the duplicated chromosomes. Cells, however, cannot see-they must proceed by groping in the dark, searching for their own DNA-and a series of sophisticated spatial mechanisms enables them to align and segregate their genetic material. Spatial organization is only part of the challenge: cell division is also a race against time-spending too little or too much time in mitosis can be equally detrimental to cell survival. Dividing cells must not only coordinate the movement of often dozens of chromosomes but must do so with precise timing. Yet, chromosome segregation occurs with remarkable accuracy. In this review, we highlight the role of mitotic chromosomes as a platform to integrate spatial and temporal cues to ensure their successful segregation.