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Updated: Jan 10, 2026
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Spatial Profiling of Protein and RNA Expression in Tissue: An Approach to Fine-Tune Virtual Microdissection
Published on: July 6, 2022
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Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates for spatial proteomics: principles, applications, and challenges
Yinghui Qiu1,2, Chunlan Li1, Peiying Ye1
1School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 362021, China.
Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica
|November 28, 2025
Summary
Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) enable sensitive spatial proteomics by converting protein detection into a DNA readout. This technology advances spatial biology by mapping protein function and interactions within tissues.
Area of Science:
- Spatial biology
- Proteomics
- Molecular biology
Background:
- Spatial biology investigates cellular organization and function within tissues.
- Spatial proteomics maps protein localization and abundance, reflecting cellular states.
- Current in situ protein profiling faces challenges due to protein nature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate (AOC)-based spatial proteomic technologies.
- To outline principles, applications, and challenges of AOCs in spatial biology.
- To highlight AOCs' role in decoding tissue complexity and disease.
Main Methods:
- Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) convert protein recognition into DNA signals.
- Multiplexed protein analysis and in situ protein-protein interaction detection.
- Integration with other biomolecular data and multi-omics approaches.
Main Results:
- AOCs enable sensitive and scalable detection of proteins in situ.
- DNA-mediated signal amplification enhances proteomic profiling.
- Spatially resolved proteomic data aids in understanding tissue complexity.
Conclusions:
- AOCs overcome limitations in direct protein profiling.
- They offer advantages like signal amplification and multi-omics compatibility.
- AOCs are powerful tools for advancing spatial biology and disease research.
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