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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

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Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Bioluminescent Optogenetics 2.0: Harnessing Bioluminescence to Activate Photosensory Proteins In Vitro and In Vivo
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Autonomous Bioluminescence Systems: From Molecular Mechanisms to Emerging Applications.

Subhan Hadi Kusuma1, Mitsuru Hattori1, Takeharu Nagai1,2

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, SANKEN, The University of Osaka, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.

JACS Au
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Autonomous bioluminescence systems offer continuous, noninvasive imaging without external substrates. Advances in bacterial and fungal systems show promise for real-time biological monitoring and synthetic biology applications.

Keywords:
autonomous bioluminescence systemsbacterial luciferase (lux)bioimagingbioluminescencebiosensorsfungal luciferase (luz)

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Autonomous bioluminescence systems genetically encode luciferase and substrate pathways for real-time imaging.
  • These systems enable continuous light emission without external substrates, reducing phototoxicity compared to fluorescence imaging.
  • They are valuable for long-term, noninvasive monitoring in living systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a critical perspective on recent advances in bacterial and fungal autonomous bioluminescence systems.
  • To assess molecular mechanisms, protein engineering strategies, and applications.
  • To identify challenges and propose strategies for future development.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of recent scientific literature on autonomous bioluminescence systems.
  • Assessment of molecular mechanisms and protein engineering approaches.
  • Comparison of bacterial and fungal bioluminescence systems' strengths and limitations.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of bacterial and fungal autonomous bioluminescence systems.
  • Identification of challenges: low quantum yield in bacterial systems and substrate availability in fungal systems.
  • Exploration of strategies like AI-guided mutagenesis, de novo protein design, and metabolic pathway optimization.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomous bioluminescence systems are powerful tools for various applications.
  • Addressing current limitations is key to advancing the technology.
  • Future design targets should focus on biomedical research, environmental monitoring, and synthetic biology needs.