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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Multimodal AI-based modeling of glaucoma progression: a 3PM-guided approach integrating structural, functional, and

Natalia I Kurysheva1, Oxana Ye Rodionova2, Alexey L Pomerantsev2

  • 1The Ophthalmological Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, 15 Gamalei Street, Moscow, 123098 Russian Federation.

The EPMA Journal
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a personalized model to predict primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) progression using multimodal biomarkers. This approach aids in stratifying patients for tailored treatments and preventing irreversible blindness.

Keywords:
Application of AI in medicineBiomarker panelsDisease modelingGlaucoma progressionImproved individual outcomesIndividualized protection against irreversible blindnessMachine learningMulti-modal risk assessmentOCT-angiographyPatient phenotyping and stratificationPredictive preventive personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM)Primary open-angle glaucoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally.
  • High inter-individual variability in glaucoma progression necessitates predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) strategies.
  • Effective patient stratification is crucial for protecting individuals from disease advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a personalized, multimodal predictive modeling framework for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  • To integrate structural, functional, and vascular biomarkers for individualized risk stratification of POAG progression rates.
  • To enhance patient management through precise prediction of disease trajectory.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal monitoring (≥36 months) of POAG patients at various stages.
  • Comprehensive multimodal data collection: optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCT-A), automated perimetry, biomechanical assessments.
  • Predictive modeling using Ranked Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (Ranked PLS-DA) with Procrustes Cross-Validation.

Main Results:

  • Developed models with up to 27 parameters for early and 20 for advanced POAG, achieving high prognostic accuracy (AUC up to 0.90).
  • Identified key predictive biomarkers varying by disease stage: RNFL thickness, microvascular dropout, vascular density, and corneal hysteresis in early POAG; age, ganglion cell complex thickness, macular thickness, and perfusion parameters in advanced POAG.
  • Demonstrated the framework's ability to classify slow, moderate, and rapid glaucoma progression rates.

Conclusions:

  • The multimodal predictive modeling framework enables accurate risk stratification and personalized glaucoma management.
  • Clinical application involves initial profiling, regular recalibration, and adaptive treatment strategies for improved visual outcomes.
  • This 3PM approach optimizes resource utilization and enhances patient protection against disease progression.