Innovative mitochondria-based holistic 3PM approach to female health status: Facts and outlook

Throughout a woman's life, energy metabolism faces more volatile demands compared to men, driven by major hormonal transitions like puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Mitochondria, as central organelles for energy production and vital cellular biosensors, are consequently subjected to substantial physiological stress. When the body's compensatory mechanisms are overwhelmed, particularly in states of suboptimal health, compromised mitochondrial functionality is characterised by increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) frequently associated with a chronification of the low-grade inflammation and development of follow-up pathologies. Compromised health and shifted homeostasis of mitochondria are crucial for development and progression of a broad spectrum of disorders in female subpopulations which can be exemplified by chronic fatigue, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and gynaecologic cancers, amongst others. This article strongly advocates for the implementation of an innovative, mitochondria-based holistic approach within the framework of Predictive, Preventive, and Personalised Medicine (3PM). 3PM-guided strategy focuses on the early detection of reversible health damage shifting care from reactive treatment to individualised proactive, risk-adapted management of the health conditions. The integration and interpretation of the multimodal data, supported by artificial intelligence, enable the stratification of individuals in suboptimal health conditions and affected patients for cost-effective protective measures tailored to individualised patient profiles, therapeutic interventions, and personalised pre- and rehabilitation programmes. In summary, by utilising mitochondrial biosensorics for monitoring systemic effects in a holistic manner, the presented 3PM-guided innovation offers a robust model for protecting individuals against health-to-disease transition and disease progression in affected patient cohorts.