A Review on Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based 3D Printing for Meniscus Regeneration

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• Meniscus injuries are common, necessitating effective substitutes with native meniscus-like properties.
• Current substitutes lack the structural integrity, biomechanical strength, and durability of the natural meniscus.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the essential criteria for developing decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink for 3D printing meniscus substitutes.
• To explore how understanding meniscus anatomy and biomechanics informs the design of dECM bioinks.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of native meniscus anatomy, microarchitecture, and biomechanical properties.
• Examination of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a source for bioink.
• Evaluation of dECM bioink criteria: immunogenicity, composition, printability, biocompatibility, biomechanics, and cross-linkers.

Main Results:

• Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a promising source material for meniscus bioinks.
• Key dECM bioink properties, including immunogenicity, composition, and biomechanics, must be optimized for successful 3D printing.
• Various cross-linking strategies can enhance the performance of dECM-based meniscus substitutes.

Conclusions:

• Optimizing dECM bioink characteristics is crucial for creating 3D-printed meniscus substitutes that mimic native tissue.
• This review highlights promising 3D printing approaches for meniscus regeneration by integrating anatomical, biomechanical, and bioink insights.