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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Thyroid dysfunction in ageing populations.

Diana van Heemst

    Endocrine Connections
    |November 28, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The global population is aging, leading to a rise in thyroid dysfunction among older adults. Careful diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent undertreatment and overtreatment in this demographic.

    Keywords:
    ageinghyperthyroidismhypothyroidismthyroid

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    Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Endocrinology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The global population is rapidly aging, with a projected doubling of individuals over 60 and tripling of those over 80 by 2050.
    • Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in older adults, presenting unique diagnostic and management challenges due to atypical symptoms and increased comorbidities.
    • Age-related physiological changes can alter drug metabolism, impacting thyroid medication efficacy and safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the specific challenges in diagnosing and managing thyroid dysfunction in the aging global population.
    • To emphasize the altered presentation and increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in elderly individuals.
    • To underscore the importance of tailored management strategies for thyroid dysfunction in older adults.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of World Health Organization population aging projections.
    • Analysis of age-related changes in thyroid dysfunction presentation and etiology.
    • Consideration of physiological and pharmacological factors influencing thyroid disease management in the elderly.

    Main Results:

    • Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism present with fewer symptoms in older adults, often masked by comorbidities and polypharmacy.
    • Autoimmunity is a primary cause of thyroid disease, but thyroid autonomy significantly contributes to hyperthyroidism in this age group.
    • A shift towards higher serum TSH concentrations is observed in older populations, increasing the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism.

    Conclusions:

    • Management of thyroid dysfunction in older adults necessitates precise diagnosis, cautious treatment initiation, and continuous monitoring.
    • Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to both undertreatment and overtreatment of thyroid disorders.
    • Age-specific approaches are essential for effective and safe thyroid disease care in the growing elderly population.