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Related Experiment Video

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Post-Transplant Infections in Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma: Early Vulnerabilities and Long-Term Risks in ASCT

Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro1, Mila Astrilia2, Galih Prakasa Adhyatma3

  • 1Infectious Diseases and Tropical Infection Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, Indonesia.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Infections are common after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Early post-transplant infections, often Gram-positive bacterial, pose significant risks.

Keywords:
Autologous Stem Cell TransplantationInfectionsLymphomaPost-transplant complicationsmultiple myeloma

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a critical treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma.
  • Patients undergoing ASCT face heightened risks of infection, morbidity, and mortality.
  • Understanding infection patterns post-ASCT is vital for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze infection patterns and outcomes in MM and lymphoma patients post-ASCT.
  • To identify common pathogens and the timing of infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective descriptive study.
  • Involved 28 patients with MM and lymphoma undergoing ASCT (January 2013 - May 2023).
  • Data collected from medical records and phone interviews; infection patterns, pathogens, and outcomes analyzed.

Main Results:

  • 75% of patients experienced post-ASCT infections, predominantly within the first 10 days (85%).
  • Gram-positive bacteria (52%) were more common than Gram-negative (29%) in blood cultures.
  • Three non-infectious deaths occurred; two late-onset infections were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Infections are a significant complication after ASCT for MM and lymphoma.
  • Early post-transplant infections are most common.
  • Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus species, are the predominant pathogens.