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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Contrast-Enhanced MR Fingerprinting With Delta-Relaxometry: Investigating a New Avenue for Tumor Characterization.

Shengwen Deng1, Walter Zhao2,3, Sree Gongala1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|November 28, 2025
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Summary

MR Fingerprinting-derived delta-relaxometry provides dose-independent relaxivity ratios (ΔR1/ΔR2) for enhanced MRI lesion characterization. This novel method offers reproducible and clinically feasible tumor imaging, differentiating between glioblastoma and metastases.

Keywords:
MR fingerprinting (MRF)brain metastasescontrast‐enhanced MRIdelta‐relaxometryglioblastomarelaxivity

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • MRI contrast agents improve lesion characterization by altering tissue relaxation properties.
  • Quantitative contrast enhancement assessment is limited by administration variability and lack of precise relaxivity measurement techniques.
  • MR Fingerprinting (MRF) enables simultaneous T1 and T2 measurement, facilitating relaxivity ratio estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce an MRF-derived delta-relaxometry method for mapping contrast-specific relaxivity ratios (ΔR1/ΔR2).
  • Hypothesize that delta-relaxometry ratios provide dose-independent, reproducible measures of tissue enhancement.
  • Explore potential advantages over conventional contrast-enhanced MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, observational study involving phantom experiments and 29 patients (15 glioblastoma, 14 brain metastases) using 3T whole-brain MRF.
  • Mathematical derivation established the relationship between ΔR1/ΔR2 and r1/r2.
  • Statistical analysis included coefficient of variation, coefficient of determination, and Mann-Whitney U tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction.

Main Results:

  • ΔR1/ΔR2 theoretically equals r1/r2, demonstrating contrast-dose independence in phantom studies.
  • ΔR1/ΔR2 showed no dependence on injected dose or timing, unlike ΔT1 and ΔT2.
  • Delta-relaxometry ratios exhibited high reproducibility, selectively elevated in tumors, and differentiated tumor core from edema (p < 0.05).
  • Whole-lesion histogram analysis of ΔR1/ΔR2 differentiated glioblastoma from metastases (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • MRF-derived ΔR1/ΔR2 ratios offer reproducible, clinically feasible, and dose-independent relaxivity quantification.
  • Delta-relaxometry provides a novel approach to tissue characterization with minimal background enhancement.
  • Results suggest delta-relaxometry as a promising tumor imaging marker for further investigation.