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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Thermo-structural investigations on Beryl using Vibrational Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction techniques.

Naini Bajaj1, Amartya Sengupta2, Aparajita Bandyopadhyay3

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-temperature spectroscopic analysis of Beryl reveals subtle molecular changes and water molecule loss above 900°C. The mineral

Keywords:
BerylGemHexagonalHigh temperatureInfrared (IR) spectroscopyMolecular distortionsNatural mineralsRaman spectroscopyStructureTerahertz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)Thermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Mineral physics and materials science
  • Geological science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Mineral properties under varying thermodynamic conditions are crucial for material and geological science.
  • Beryl (Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆) is a significant mineral whose response to high temperatures impacts its structural integrity and atomic vibrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular response and structural integrity of Beryl at high temperatures (25°C to 1200°C).
  • To understand the effects of elevated temperatures on Beryl's atomic vibrations, bonding, and overall structure using spectroscopic methods.

Main Methods:

  • Raman spectroscopy
  • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
  • Terahertz-Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TD)

Main Results:

  • Minor changes in Raman active modes (BeO and SiO) were observed above 900°C.
  • Two types of water (H₂O) molecules detected via IR spectroscopy disappeared around 900°C.
  • Terahertz-Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TD) showed no changes in the lattice region up to 1200°C, consistent with high-temperature X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data.

Conclusions:

  • High temperatures induce subtle molecular-level distortions in Beryl.
  • Beryl exhibits structural stability up to 1200°C, with significant changes primarily related to water molecule loss and minor vibrational mode alterations.