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Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Positional dyspnea: A brief review.

Hui Yang1, Isaac Ks Ng2, Christopher Thong3

  • 1Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

The American Journal of Medicine
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positional dyspnea, including orthopnea and platypnea, offers key diagnostic clues for shortness of breath. This review details types of positional dyspnea and their clinical evaluation and management.

Keywords:
DyspneaHeart failureHeart septal defects, AtrialPulmonary disease, Chronic obstructiveRespiratory paralysis

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Dyspnea is a frequent clinical symptom with diverse etiologies.
  • Positional changes significantly influence dyspnea, providing diagnostic insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the different forms of positional dyspnea.
  • To outline a practical approach for the evaluation and management of positional dyspnea.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of literature on positional dyspnea.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identified and described orthopnea, platypnea, trepopnea, and bendopnea.
  • Highlighted the diagnostic importance of positional exacerbation or relief of dyspnea.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding positional dyspnea is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • A systematic approach aids in managing patients with positional dyspnea.