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Researchers developed a room-temperature maser emitting microwave pulses with polarization and phase vortices. This breakthrough utilizes 3D topological singularities, enabling new possibilities for quantum sources and sensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Metamaterials

Background:

  • Vortex singularities are crucial for wavefront shaping and communications.
  • Optical vortex emitters exist, but microwave counterparts (vortex masers) remain unexplored.
  • Vortex masers have potential applications in low-noise quantum sources and sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a room-temperature maser emitting electromagnetic radiation with polarization and phase vortices.
  • To explore the physics of 3D topological vectorial singularities in microwave generation.
  • To pave the way for volumetric coherent microwave sources and topological photonic radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a maser using a subwavelength dielectric cavity with an organic gain medium.
  • Incorporation of a chiral metasurface to decouple circular polarizations.
  • Analysis of emitted microwave pulses for polarization and phase vortices, and orbital angular momentum.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of a room-temperature maser emitting pulses with polarization and phase vortices.
  • Observation of nontrivial microwave photons with polarization winding.
  • Emission of pulses with nonzero orbital angular momentum due to the chiral metasurface.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents the first vortex maser operating at room temperature.
  • The work highlights the potential of 3D topological singularities for microwave vortex generation.
  • This research opens avenues for multidimensional vortex emission from volumetric coherent microwave sources and topological photonic devices.