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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

DNA Tension Probes to Map the Transient Piconewton Receptor Forces by Immune Cells
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Measuring cellular force using DNA-based tension probes: from ensemble to single-molecule studies.

Piyu Wu1, Yuru Hu1, Hongyun Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation in Complex Organisms, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Nature Protocols
|November 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Two new DNA tension probes, RSDTP and ForceChrono, allow researchers to measure cellular forces. These tools aid in understanding cell mechanics and mechanotransduction in biological processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular mechanobiology
  • Molecular biophysics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cellular mechanical forces are vital for processes like adhesion, migration, differentiation, and immune activation.
  • Understanding mechanotransduction is key to deciphering these cellular behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe two advanced DNA-based tension probes for studying mechanotransduction in living cells.
  • To provide a detailed protocol for the application of these probes.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of reversible shearing DNA-based tension probes (RSDTPs) for ensemble force measurements (4–60 pN).
  • Utilizing ForceChrono probes for dynamic, single-molecule force measurements, capturing magnitude, duration, and loading rate.
  • Detailed procedures for probe synthesis, purification, cell experiments, imaging, and computational data analysis.

Main Results:

  • RSDTPs enable reversible, dynamic quantification of cellular forces without ligand depletion.
  • ForceChrono probes offer insights into the temporal dynamics of single-molecule force transmission.
  • The protocol facilitates detailed analysis of cellular mechanobiology, including integrin mechanobiology and cell adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • These DNA-based tension probes are powerful tools for quantitative analysis of cellular mechanical forces.
  • The described protocol enables comprehensive study of mechanotransduction with applications in various cell biology fields.
  • The probes and methods are accessible to researchers with relevant backgrounds and can be implemented within a few days.