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Unpacking the implementation climate in general education settings in public schools: a sequential-explanatory

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Educators report low implementation climate in schools for autistic students, indicating a need for better support and resources to improve evidence-based practice use.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Special Education
  • Implementation Science

Background:

  • Increasing inclusion of autistic students in general education settings necessitates effective support strategies.
  • Organizational factors significantly impact the successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs).
  • Implementation climate, defined as organizational support for EBPs, is a key predictor of EBP use but is understudied in public schools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the implementation climate in general education settings serving autistic students.
  • To identify factors influencing the use of EBPs for autistic students in public elementary schools.

Main Methods:

  • A sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach was employed.
  • 361 educators (general teachers, special education teachers, paraeducators) across 60 elementary schools completed the School Implementation Climate Scale (SICS).
  • 82 educators participated in semi-structured interviews to explore EBP use and implementation challenges.

Main Results:

  • Educators reported low aggregate mean scores on the SICS, indicating a suboptimal implementation climate.
  • Qualitative data revealed challenges including insufficient professional development, limited preparation time, inadequate resources, and minimal recognition for EBP implementation.
  • Specific subscales like 'education support' and 'rewards for EBPs' were rated particularly low.

Conclusions:

  • A suboptimal implementation climate exists in general education settings for supporting autistic students.
  • Improving the implementation climate is crucial for the successful adoption of EBPs.
  • Future research should explore outer contextual factors influencing implementation and develop targeted interventions.