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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Laser-capture Microdissection of Human Prostatic Epithelium for RNA Analysis
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Deep Transfer Learning Links Benign Glands to Prostate Cancer Progression via Transcriptomics.

Justin L Couetil1,2, Ziyu Liu3, Chao Chen4

  • 1Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
|November 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found that seemingly normal prostate tissues near tumors exhibit molecular changes, indicating a "field effect" that may drive cancer progression. These changes, including altered gene expression and immune cell activity, are linked to increased metastasis risk.

Keywords:
Deep learningProstate cancerSingle-cell transcriptomicsSpatial transcriptomicsTumor immune microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The field effect describes cellular changes predisposing to cancer, but is underexplored in high-resolution omics.
  • Prostate cancer progression involves complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the field effect in prostate cancer using deep learning and spatial transcriptomics.
  • To identify molecular alterations in morphologically benign tissues associated with cancer aggressiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Diagnostic Evidence Gauge of Single Cells (DEGAS) deep transfer learning framework.
  • Analyzed prostate cancer spatial transcriptomics and integrated single-cell transcriptomics with deep learning image analysis.
  • Quantified MSMB protein (PSP-94) expression using immunohistochemistry on patient tissues.

Main Results:

  • DEGAS identified benign glands with reduced MSMB expression and upregulated genes linked to antigen presentation and aggressive neoplasms.
  • Altered immune-cell infiltration was observed in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Lower MSMB protein expression in morphologically normal tissues correlated with increased risk of distant metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Subtle molecular and immune changes in ostensibly normal prostate tissue, representing a field effect, contribute to aggressive disease progression.
  • These findings highlight the importance of analyzing the broader tissue context in understanding cancer aggressiveness.