Chiral biomaterials for promoting wound healing: Fabrication strategies, therapeutic applications, and future...

The skin is highly susceptible to damage from various factors of daily life, which can cause wounds to form. Accelerated wound healing is important for enhancing patient quality of life and reducing healthcare burdens. Chiral biomaterials (CBMs), with non-superimposable mirror-image molecular structures, have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing wound healing due to their unique biointeractions. However, there are few comprehensive reviews on the role of CBMs across different wound healing phases. This review first introduces common methods for preparing CBMs, including ligand conjugation, self-assembly, and template-assisted synthesis. The effects of CBMs on different aspects of wound healing are summarized, including hemostasis, antibacterial activity, inflammatory regulation, the proliferation phase, the remodeling phase, and wound healing monitoring, and the underlying mechanisms exerted by CBMs are elucidated. Furthermore, the biosafety of CBMs is critically discussed. Finally, the review highlights current challenges and future directions in the field and proposes potential strategies to address current limitations. By providing a thorough analysis, this work aims to offer valuable insights and inspire innovative approaches for research on CBMs in wound healing.