Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.5K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.5K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

3.3K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.3K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.1K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.1K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.1K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
4.1K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.6K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.6K
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

12.1K
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
12.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Endocytosis-dependent and spleen-selective mRNA expression enabled by ionizable lipidoid linkers enhances therapeutic mRNA vaccination.

Acta biomaterialia·2026
Same author

Interfacial Growth of Hexagonal Plate-like Cu-BTC on Polyacrylonitrile Fibers for the Construction of Cu-BTC/PAN Membranes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Glycerol-driven TNAP activation in thermogenesis and mineralization.

Nature·2026
Same author

Aberrant amino acid-sensing promotes immunotherapy resistance via the inflammatory cytokine-ZBTB5-mTORC1 axis.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE9 negatively regulates cold tolerance by phosphorylating the NADPH oxidase VpRBOHD in grapevine.

Plant physiology·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence models: transforming early diagnosis and precise treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Molecular cancer·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.8K

Dynamic Olefinic Bond Restructuring in Coordination Polymers Enables Precision Photocycloaddition.

Qiaoqiao Zhang1,2,3, Yong Wang1, Xin-Yi Huang1

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a flexible coordination polymer that undergoes structural changes in response to stimuli like solvent vapors and light. This enables precise, regioselective photochemical synthesis of cyclobutane compounds, offering insights for designing responsive materials.

Keywords:
coordination polymerdynamic olefinic bond restructuringmultistimuliregioselective photocycloadditionsolvent exchanges

More Related Videos

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.5K
Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.8K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.5K
Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Biological systems exhibit adaptive conformational changes in response to external stimuli.
  • Synthetic materials are being developed to mimic this responsiveness for controlled chemical transformations.
  • Coordination polymers offer a versatile platform for designing such stimuli-responsive materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible coordination polymer capable of multistimuli-induced restructuring.
  • To achieve regioselective [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions of olefinic bonds within the polymer.
  • To demonstrate precise photochemical cyclobutane synthesis using a single-crystal platform.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of a flexible coordination polymer, [{Cd4(OCH3-BPEB)4(OBA)4}·7DEF]n (CP1).
  • Sequential exposure of CP1 to solvent vapors and visible light to induce structural transformations.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to capture intermediate structures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • CP1 undergoes stepwise structural transformations upon exposure to solvent vapors and visible light.
  • These transformations lead to the formation of two distinct monocyclobutane isomers (OCH3-PCDP and 2,4-OCH3-PCDP) via regioselective [2+2] photocycloaddition.
  • Five intermediate structures were characterized, and DFT calculations revealed how stimuli-mediated realignment dictates regioselectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrates precise photochemical cyclobutane synthesis within a stimuli-responsive coordination polymer single-crystal.
  • Provides mechanistic insights into how external stimuli control photoreaction regioselectivity.
  • Highlights the potential for designing advanced functional materials with controlled photoreactions.