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Associations Between Hiccups and Subsequent Cancer Diagnoses: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Filip Jansåker1,2, Xinjun Li1, Kristina Sundquist1,2
1Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Persistent hiccups may indicate a higher risk of developing cancer, particularly in men. This study found associations between hiccups and nervous system, hematologic, and gastrointestinal cancers.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Hiccups have been anecdotally linked to cancer.
- Large-scale studies examining this association are lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between hiccups and subsequent cancer diagnoses in a large population-based cohort.
- To identify specific cancer types potentially associated with hiccups.
Main Methods:
- Population-based cohort study design.
- Analysis of data from 1997-2018.
- Calculation of standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Hiccups were diagnosed in 8466 patients; 3.8% were subsequently diagnosed with cancer.
- In men, hiccups were associated with nervous system, hematologic, and gastrointestinal cancers (including esophageal, stomach, colon, and liver).
- In women, hiccups were associated with gastrointestinal cancer. Strongest associations were observed within 12 months.
Conclusions:
- Hiccups may serve as a potential clinical marker for cancer.
- Findings support further clinical research into hiccups as an early indicator of malignancy.
- Results can inform clinical practice regarding persistent hiccups.
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