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Related Concept Videos

Energy Stored in a Capacitor01:12

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

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When an archer pulls the string in a bow, he saves the work done in the form of elastic potential energy. When he releases the string, the potential energy is released as kinetic energy of the arrow. A capacitor works on the same principle in which the work done is saved as electric potential energy. The potential energy (UC) could be calculated by measuring the work done (W) to charge the capacitor.
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Energy Stored in Capacitors01:10

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A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
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A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
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In 1749, Benjamin Franklin coined the word battery for a series of capacitors connected to store energy. Capacitors store electric potential energy that can be released over a short time. This property means capacitors have a wide range of applications.
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Ultrahigh High-temperature Capacitive Energy Storage Via Proton Irradiation.

Chenyi Li1,2, Hanxiao Gao1,2, Yutie Gong1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|November 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proton irradiation enhances dielectric polymers for high-temperature energy storage. This method improves energy density and efficiency in film capacitors, offering a new approach for advanced electronics.

Keywords:
dielectric energy storageether bondshigh‐dielectric polymersproton irradiation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Polymer-based film capacitors are crucial for electronics and power systems.
  • Low dielectric constants and high-temperature conduction limit current dielectric polymers.
  • Enhanced energy storage at elevated temperatures is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate proton irradiation as a method to improve dielectric properties and energy storage in polymers.
  • To understand the microstructural changes induced by proton irradiation.
  • To achieve high energy density and efficiency in dielectric polymers at elevated temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Proton irradiation of poly(ether imide).
  • Combined atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR).
  • First-principles calculations.

Main Results:

  • Proton irradiation induced local rotation of ether bonds, increasing polar states and polarizability.
  • Dense chain packing was preserved.
  • Achieved ultrahigh discharged energy density of 6.9 J cm⁻³ at 150 °C with >95% efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Proton irradiation is an effective postprocessing technique for enhancing dielectric polymers.
  • This method offers a pathway to high-performance dielectrics for capacitive energy storage.
  • The findings significantly advance the development of advanced energy storage materials.