Evaluation of double-modified taro starch for the encapsulation and protection of bioactive compounds in Hibiscus...

Taro starch was modified by ultrasound, enzymes, and a combination of both to evaluate structural changes and its performance as a wall material for encapsulation of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract. The double-modified starch (DMS) exhibited the lowest amylose content (6.7 %) and particle size (2.5 μm), in comparison with the native taro starch, which had 9.3 % and 3.3 μm, respectively. Pasting properties showed a 42 % decrease in peak viscosity of DMS relative to native starch, improving the efficiency of spray-drying. Stability studies showed that dual modification encapsulation (DME) retained 82 % of total phenolic compounds and 79 % of anthocyanins after seven days of storage under aging conditions. However, the retention decreased to 55 % and 48 %, respectively, after 35 days of storage. In the in vitro digestion model, ultrasound modification encapsulation (UME) showed the highest anthocyanin release (63 % gastric phase, 41 % intestinal phase), indicating gradual and controlled delivery. These findings indicate the potential of modified taro starch treatments to enhance the protection of bioactive drugs and provide greater control over the rate of compound release during the digestive process. These benefits are achieved while maintaining the stability and efficacy of the encapsulated compound.