Veneer-specific vs universal resin cements: Color stability, degree of conversion and water sorption/solubility
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Updated: Oct 31, 2026

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Published on: June 6, 2025
Thanawat Ruaydee1, Supichaya Dangprapun2, Samitra Phattanatantip2
1Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Objective:
This study examined the color stability (ΔE00), degree of monomer conversion (DC), water sorption (Wsp), and water solubility (Wsl) of veneer-specific resin cements (VC; G-CEM Veneer, GCV, and RelyX Veneer, RXV) compared with universal resin cements (UC; G-CEM ONE, GCU, and RelyX Universal, RXU).
Methods:
ΔE00 was assessed using a spectrophotometer after immersion in distilled water, Coca-Cola, red wine, or black coffee at 37°C for 1 and 7 days (n = 5). DC was analyzed using ATR-FTIR (n = 5), and Wsp/Wsl were determined according to ISO 4049 (n = 5). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (p = 0.05); generalized linear models assessed the effects of cement system (G-CEM vs. RelyX) and type (VC vs. UC).
Results:
ΔE00 was affected by both cement system and type (p < 0.05), with minimal change in distilled water and the greatest change in red wine. GCV showed the lowest ΔE00 variation across solutions after 7 days (1.31-2.81), while RXU showed the widest range (1.61-17.66). VC exhibited significantly higher DC than UC (p < 0.05), and GCV showed the lowest Wsp/Wsl while RXU showed the highest.
Significance:
Cement type and system markedly affect the long-term color stability, degree of conversion, and water sorption/solubility of resin cements used for indirect restorations. Veneer-specific formulations offer more predictable, favorable performance than universal alternatives, supporting careful material selection for esthetically demanding applications.
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