Advances in the preparation, cross-linking, activation and biomedical use of agarose microspheres

Agarose-based microspheres have many practical applications in chromatographic separations and medicine due to their excellent biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, high porosity, and specific surface area. Its simple preparation and modification methods make it widely applicable in drug delivery, tissue repair, and the separation and purification of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. This article systematically summarizes the progress in the preparation, cross-linking, activation, and biomedical applications of agarose microspheres. It focuses on discussing the latest advancements in their preparation, separation techniques, and medical applications. It explores their limitations and future development in combination with existing research, providing a reference for their functional design and application expansion.