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Clinical Performance of Ultra-Porous TiO2 Scaffold as Bone Graft Substitute in Human Alveolar Ridge
Ingvild Nysæther1,2,3, Håvard Jostein Haugen2, Thaqif El Khassawna4
1Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Clinical Oral Implants Research
|November 30, 2025
Summary
This study found that titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds are safe and effective for promoting bone regrowth in human alveolar bone extraction sockets. The scaffolds aided bone ingrowth and preserved ridge dimensions, facilitating future dental implant placement.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Alveolar bone defects following tooth extraction pose challenges for dental implant success.
- Titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds are being investigated for their osteoconductive properties.
- Preserving alveolar ridge dimensions is crucial for optimal prosthetic rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and osteoconductive potential of ceramic TiO2 scaffolds in human alveolar bone extraction sockets.
- To assess the ability of TiO2 scaffolds to support bone ingrowth and preserve ridge dimensions.
- To determine the clinical outcomes of TiO2 scaffold implantation prior to dental implant placement.
Main Methods:
- Nine subjects received porous ceramic TiO2 scaffolds in extraction sockets, covered by collagen membranes.
- Scaffolds were chair-side adjusted for precise fit.
- Histomorphometric, micro-CT, and CBCT analyses were performed at 6 months post-implantation.
- Dental implants were placed in regenerated bone and followed for 21 months.
Main Results:
- Scaffold customization and chair-side adjustment were straightforward.
- No serious adverse events were observed; minor soft tissue dehiscences healed spontaneously.
- Micro-CT and histology confirmed new bone formation and scaffold integration.
- Alveolar ridge dimensions were well-preserved, with minimal changes in width and height.
Conclusions:
- Ceramic TiO2 scaffolds are safe and effective for promoting bone regeneration in human alveolar sockets.
- These scaffolds facilitate bone ingrowth and maintain ridge volume, aiding dental implant procedures.
- TiO2 scaffolds represent a promising option for alveolar ridge preservation and augmentation.
