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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Fault-tolerant quantum computation without distillation on a 2D device.

Thomas R Scruby¹, Kae Nemoto¹, Zhenyu Cai^2,3

¹Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.

NPJ Quantum Information

|December 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Looped pipeline architectures can implement fault-tolerant non-Clifford gates for 2D surface codes. Current methods favor magic state distillation due to high costs associated with decoders in this architecture.

Keywords:

Quantum information Qubits

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Area of Science:

Quantum computing
Fault-tolerant quantum computation
Surface codes

Background:

Looped pipeline architectures offer bounded non-local connectivity for physical qubits.
Implementing non-Clifford gates is crucial for universal quantum computation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficiency of looped pipeline architectures for implementing fault-tolerant non-Clifford gates in 2D surface codes.
To compare the resource cost of this method with magic state distillation.

Main Methods:

Utilizing looped pipeline architectures with short-range qubit shuttling.
Implementing fault-tolerant non-Clifford gates within 2D surface codes.
Analyzing the complexity of the required shuttling schedule.
Comparing resource costs against magic state distillation.

Main Results:

Looped pipeline architectures can efficiently implement fault-tolerant non-Clifford gates.
The required shuttling schedule is only marginally more complex than for standard 2D surface codes.
Magic state distillation is currently more resource-efficient.
High costs for non-Clifford gates are linked to the performance of just-in-time decoders.

Conclusions:

The efficiency of non-Clifford gate implementation in looped pipeline architectures is hindered by decoder performance.
Optimizing just-in-time decoders presents a significant opportunity for improving resource efficiency.
Further research into decoder optimization is warranted for advancing fault-tolerant quantum computing.