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The Association Between Dietary Protein Intake and Gallstone Disease: A Case-Control Study
Amir Sadeghi1, Nastaran Raissi-Dehkordi1, Azita Hekmatdoost2
1Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Dietary protein intake influences gallstone disease (GSD) risk. Vegetable protein may protect against GSD, while animal protein increases risk. Moderate dairy protein intake is beneficial, but high intake may be detrimental.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for gallstone formation.
- Dietary protein intake influences the risk of gallstone disease (GSD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between different dietary protein sources and the risk of GSD.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 189 GSD patients and 342 controls.
- Dietary protein intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.
- Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Total protein intake showed a protective effect against GSD, with moderate consumption being more beneficial than high consumption.
- Dairy protein intake exhibited a U-shaped relationship with GSD risk; moderate intake reduced risk, while higher intake increased it.
- Vegetable protein intake was associated with a reduced risk of GSD, whereas animal protein intake was linked to an increased risk.
Conclusions:
- Dietary protein, particularly from vegetable sources, may offer protection against GSD.
- Animal protein may act as a predisposing factor for GSD.
- Moderate dairy protein consumption is protective, but excessive intake could elevate GSD risk.
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