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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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A Preterm Rat Model for Pain Studies
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Managing pain in newborns: A multidimensional approach.

Marsha Campbell-Yeo Nnp-Bc1, Timothy Disher1, Souvik Mitra1

  • 1Canadian Paediatric Society, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|December 1, 2025
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Summary

Effective infant pain management is crucial for newborn care. Untreated pain can lead to negative long-term outcomes, yet interventions remain underutilized, highlighting the need for better pain control strategies.

Keywords:
GuidelinesManagementNeonatesPainPrevention

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric pain management
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes

Background:

  • Untreated infant pain has significant immediate and long-term adverse effects on physiological stability, pain processing, and neurodevelopment.
  • Inadequate pain management during medical procedures is a major source of stress for parents of newborns.
  • Effective infant pain management strategies are known but remain underutilized in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical need for effective pain prevention and management in newborns.
  • To highlight the consequences of underutilized pain interventions in clinical settings.
  • To advocate for the implementation of comprehensive pain management frameworks in healthcare facilities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on infant pain management.
  • Analysis of the impact of untreated pain on infant development.
  • Identification of barriers to the utilization of pain management interventions.

Main Results:

  • Infant pain significantly impacts physiological and neurodevelopmental trajectories.
  • Parental stress is high due to inadequate pain management during infant medical care.
  • A gap exists between known effective pain management techniques and their clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare facilities must establish organization-wide pain management frameworks with dedicated resources.
  • Comprehensive training, pain control strategies, and quality improvement measures are essential.
  • Active parental engagement in shared decision-making is vital for optimal infant pain care.