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Moisture-Promoted, Defect-Rich UiO-67/TiO2 Nanotube Heterojunctions for ppb-Level H2S Detection under Ambient

Rongyang Kou1, Yue Zhang1, Yahui Cai1

  • 1College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.

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Researchers developed a novel metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) sensor that utilizes humidity to enhance performance. This breakthrough enables reliable, room-temperature detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) even in humid environments.

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H2S sensingTiO2 nanotube arrayshumidity-resistancemetal−organic frameworkroom-temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Room-temperature operation of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) chemiresistive sensors is hindered by ambient humidity.
  • Humidity typically suppresses sensor performance by interfering with charge transport and surface chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome humidity limitations in MOS chemiresistive sensors.
  • To develop a sensor that converts humidity from a performance liability into an asset.
  • To enable reliable room-temperature detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) under ambient humidity.

Main Methods:

  • Conformal growth of defect-rich UiO-67(Zr) nanoparticles on anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2NT@U7_R).
  • One-step ligand-acetic acid modulation strategy for nanoparticle synthesis.
  • Fabrication of an organic-inorganic heterojunction leveraging Zr(III)-induced oxygen vacancies.

Main Results:

  • The TiO2NT@U7_R sensor exhibited a response of ~194 to 10 ppm H2S at 75% relative humidity (RH).
  • Achieved an ultralow detection limit of approximately 0.04 ppb for H2S.
  • Demonstrated stable sensor performance over 30 days at room temperature.
  • Successfully quantified H2S in exhaled gases and fabricated a portable prototype.

Conclusions:

  • The developed organic-inorganic heterojunction effectively utilizes water molecules to enhance charge transport and surface chemistry.
  • This approach offers a scalable and reproducible method for manufacturing humidity-tolerant, next-generation MOS chemiresistive sensors.
  • The sensor shows significant potential for practical applications in gas sensing, particularly for H2S detection in exhaled breath.