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Pore-Scale Imaging to Quantify the Evolution and Reduction in Trapped CO2 due to Ostwald Ripening.

Rukuan Chai1, Sajjad Foroughi1, Sepideh Goodarzi1

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Ostwald ripening causes changes in geological carbon storage by dissolving small CO2 gas ganglia and reconnecting remaining ones. This process can overestimate residual CO2 saturation by about a third.

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Ostwald ripeningganglia rearrangementgeological CO2 storagepore-scale imagingreservoir sandstonetrapped saturation reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Sciences
  • Geochemistry
  • Petroleum Engineering

Background:

  • Geological carbon storage is crucial for climate change mitigation.
  • Long-term stability of trapped CO2 is uncertain due to pore-scale processes.
  • Ostwald ripening, the rearrangement of trapped CO2 by dissolved CO2 transport, affects CO2 saturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and quantify the in situ evolution of CO2 ganglia in reservoir sandstone.
  • To assess the impact of Ostwald ripening on trapped CO2 saturation.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of saturation measurements that ignore Ostwald ripening.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution three-dimensional X-ray imaging.
  • In situ observation of CO2 ganglia evolution in reservoir sandstone.
  • Quantification of trapped CO2 saturation changes over time.

Main Results:

  • Observed concurrent shrinkage and growth of CO2 ganglia, reduced morphological complexity, and enhanced connectivity due to Ostwald ripening.
  • Demonstrated size-dependent ganglia response: small ganglia dissolved, intermediate ones changed size, and large ones stabilized.
  • Showed a decrease in CO2 saturation from 22.8% to 15.6% after a period of no flow and subsequent brine injection.

Conclusions:

  • Ostwald ripening significantly alters the distribution and saturation of trapped CO2 in geological formations.
  • Measurements ignoring Ostwald ripening can overestimate residual CO2 saturation by approximately 33%.
  • Understanding pore-scale dynamics like Ostwald ripening is essential for accurate assessment of geological carbon storage.