HCMAF: Hierarchical Feature Aggregation and Cross-Modal Attention Fusion Framework for Multi-Omics Patient...

The accumulation of large-scale multi-omics datasets has brought new opportunities for precise disease treatment. However, the inherent complexity of inter- and intra-omics relationships presents considerable obstacles to the precise integration of multi-omics data. Here, we propose a Hierarchical Feature Aggregation and Cross-Modal Attention Fusion (HCMAF) framework to integrate multi-omics data for patient classification and biomarker identification. Specifically, to capture both the specific information inherent in each omics data and complex cross-omics interactions, HCMAF incorporates three innovative modules. The hierarchical feature aggregation graph attention (HGAT) module captures intra-omics topological features through adaptive neighborhood aggregation. The cross-modal attention (CMA) module pinpoints inter-omics complementarity by modeling cross-omics dependencies. Finally, the confidence-driven multi-omics fusion (CMF) module dynamically integrates omics-specific predictions through learnable reliability weights. Comprehensive experiments on four public benchmark datasets show that HCMAF achieves better classification performance and consistently surpasses leading existing methods. Further component analysis confirms the crucial role of the HGAT, CMA and CMF modules in ensuring overall model effectiveness.