DoriC 14.0: an updated database of prokaryotic replication origins with significantly expanded plasmid oriV annotations

Replication origins are essential for both chromosome duplication and plasmid maintenance; however, their annotation remains challenging across different replicon types and across diverse phylogenetic lineages. DoriC 14.0, the latest update of the database of replication origins in prokaryotic genomes, restructures and greatly expands this resource, with particular emphasis on plasmid replication. The latest release contains 530 178 computationally derived origin records, associated with 432 232 distinct sequence accessions, including 434 060 chromosomal and 96 118 plasmid records from bacteria and archaea. For bacterial plasmids, OriV-Finder was applied with RNA II-based refinement, whereas a customized OriV-Finder pipeline was employed for archaeal plasmids, which relies on archaeal replication-associated proteins and origin recognition box motifs. DoriC 14.0 combines literature evidence with computational predictions, maintains traceable record identifiers, and offers versioned data with release history. New features include comparative sequence support, related-origin links, interactive candidate replication initiation protein (RIP) sequence-similarity networks, plasmid-level analyses of origin recurrence, RIP profiles, and RNA II variation. The updated website provides filter-based browsing, record-level views, BLAST searches, and standardized downloads, and is freely accessible at https://tubic.org/doric/ and https://tubic.tju.edu.cn/doric/ without registration.