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Dynamic structure-function coupling in macroscale neonatal brain networks.

Zhe Zhang1,2,3, Chi Zhang1,3, Xinlin Zhang1,3

  • 1Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.

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|December 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal brain development involves dynamic structure-function coupling (SFC), which matures with age, especially in the default mode network (DMN). Preterm infants show reduced SFC, highlighting vulnerability to early adversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The neonatal period is crucial for brain development, but the link between structural changes and functional reorganization is unclear.
  • Understanding how brain networks mature is essential for identifying developmental trajectories and vulnerabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize dynamic structure-function coupling (SFC) in the neonatal brain.
  • To investigate associations between SFC, cortical microstructure, and network flexibility.
  • To compare SFC in term-born versus preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-modal MRI data from 399 neonates (348 term-born, 51 preterm-born).
  • Analyzed dynamic SFC across macroscale brain networks.
  • Assessed cortical microstructure via T1w/T2w ratio and measured network flexibility.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic SFC varies across the neocortex and increases with postmenstrual age, particularly in the default mode network (DMN).
  • Posterior DMN dynamic SFC mediates the relationship between T1w/T2w ratio and network flexibility.
  • Preterm infants showed significantly reduced dynamic SFC and altered DMN development compared to term-born infants.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic SFC is a potential biomarker for neonatal brain maturation.
  • Findings offer insights into the early development of internally directed cognition.
  • Preterm infants' altered DMN development may be linked to extra-uterine exposure and early-life adversity.